i) The First Law (Thermodynamics)
• System and Surroundings
• Energy exchanges
• State and Path variables
• Phase Changes
• Chemical Reactions

ii) The Second Law (Thermodynamics)
• The Carnot Cycle
• Molecular Interpretation Entropy
• Measurement of Entropy
• Third Law of Thermodynamics
• Gibbs Free Energy
• Helmholtz Free Energy
• The Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation

iii) Free Energy and Chemical Equilibria
• Reactions of Ideal Gases
• Nonideal Systems
• Equilibria and Standard Gibbs Free Energy
• Isothermal Titration of Calorimetry

iv) Physical Equilibria
• Phase Equilibria
• Membranes
• Colligative Properties

v) Electrochemistry
• The Electrochemical Cell
• Transmembrane Equilibria
• Biological Redox Reactions and Membranes

vi) Chemical Kinetics
• Kinetics
• Reaction Mechanisms and Rate Laws

vii) Optical Spectroscopy
• Absorption and Emission of Radiation
• Fluorescence
• Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism